Hepatitída U Koní

2024 Autor: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Naposledy zmenené: 2023-12-17 03:13

Zápal pečene u koní

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Hepatitída je definovaná ako zápal pečene. Dôležitý orgán, ktorý vykonáva množstvo metabolických funkcií, ktoré sú nevyhnutné pre život, sa môže veľká časť pečene vypnúť skôr, ako sa prejavia účinky choroby na koňoch. To tiež znamená, že v čase, keď sa objavia príznaky hepatitídy, je poškodenie niekedy príliš závažné na to, aby sa mohlo s liečbou začať. Preto je dôležité ihneď priviesť svojho koňa k veterinárovi, ak spozorujete niektorý z príznakov uvedených nižšie.

Príznaky a typy

Hepatitída sa môže vyskytnúť akútne, ako pri požití určitých toxínov, alebo sa môže vyvinúť pomaly, ako pri niektorých základných infekciách. Len čo sa začne počiatočné poškodenie, môžu sa objaviť ktorékoľvek alebo všetky z nasledujúcich znakov:

• Depresia
• Nechutenstvo
• Kolika (bolesť brucha)
• Strata váhy
• Zožltnutie slizníc (žltačka)
• Akumulácia tekutín (edém)
• Neurologické príznaky ako stlačenie hlavy, nekoordinácia, slepota, ospalosť, zmätenosť
• Fotosenzibilizácia
• Hnačka

Príčiny

Existuje niekoľko príčin hepatitídy u koní. Baktérie ako Clostridia môžu spôsobiť zápal pečene a existuje aj niekoľko vírusov, ktoré ho môžu tiež spôsobiť. Existuje tiež množstvo toxínov, ktoré môžu spôsobiť hepatitídu, ktoré sa väčšinou vyskytujú v určitých rastlinách, ako sú napríklad ambrózia, ruža obyčajná a niekedy ríbezľa. Ďalšia príčina hepatitídy sa nazýva sérová choroba. K tomu dôjde, keď je kôň vystavený terapeutickému prostriedku, ktorý obsahuje konské sérum. Protilátky proti cudzím bielkovinám koňa potom ničia vlastnú pečeň koňa.

Diagnóza

Na základe klinických príznakov vášho koňa môže veterinár urobiť predbežnú diagnózu ochorenia pečene; bude však potrebné vykonať ďalšie laboratórne testy, napríklad krvnú prácu a možno aj zobrazovacie vyšetrenia, napríklad brušný ultrazvuk. Na pomoc pri diagnostike je možné vykonať aj biopsiu pečene.

Liečba

Liečba sa líši v závislosti od príčiny hepatitídy. Ak má bakteriálnu povahu, vyžaduje sa okamžitá liečba antibiotikami. Ďalšie príčiny hepatitídy, ako sú vírusy alebo toxíny, sa zvyčajne spoliehajú na podpornú starostlivosť. Takáto starostlivosť zvyčajne spočíva v intravenóznej tekutinovej terapii, vitamíne B, antioxidantoch a liekoch na zníženie množstva amoniaku v krvi.

Prevencia

Našťastie hepatitída nie je u koní veľmi častá. Aby ste tomu najlepšie zabránili, je nevyhnutná správna starostlivosť o pastviny vášho koňa, aby sa znížila expozícia toxickým rastlinám, ktoré môžu spôsobiť tento stav. Bakteriálnym a vírusovým príčinám tohto ochorenia sa dá predchádzať ťažšie, môže však pomôcť zaistenie aktuálnosti vakcín u vášho koňa.