Črevné Bakteriálne Infekcie U Koní

2024 Autor: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Naposledy zmenené: 2023-12-17 03:13

Endotoxémia u koní

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Prítomnosť endotoxínov v krvi sa označuje ako endotoxémia. Tieto toxíny sú zvyčajne spôsobené prítomnosťou určitých druhov baktérií v čreve koňa, ktoré porušili stenu čreva a dostali sa do krvného obehu. Ak nebude endotoxémia liečená okamžite, môže viesť k šoku, laminitíde a smrti. Tento stav sa pozoruje u dospelých koní aj u novorodencov.

Príznaky

Ako už bolo uvedené, endotoxémia môže viesť k šoku, konkrétnejšie k endotoxickému šoku. Toto je mimoriadne nebezpečný stav, ktorý vedie k rýchlemu zhoršeniu stavu a spôsobí smrť, ak sa liečba nezačne okamžite. Medzi príznaky tohto stavu patria:

• Depresia
• Letargia
• Dehydratácia
• Nechutenstvo
• Akútna hnačka
• Nárast pulzovej frekvencie (t. J. Viac ako 80 úderov za minútu)
• Tmavo fialové sliznice
• Príznaky podobné kolike (napr. Bolesť brucha, nadúvanie, plynatosť)
• Horúčka nasledovaná neobvykle nízkou teplotou

Ako choroba postupuje, u koňa sa môže vyvinúť laminitída, bolestivé a vyčerpávajúce ochorenie kopýt, ktoré spôsobí oddelenie steny kopyta a kosti vo vnútri kopyta.

Príčina

Príčinou endotoxémie je toxín nazývaný lipopolysacharid (LPS), ktorý je prítomný v bunkových stenách gramnegatívnych baktérií. Niektoré typy gramnegatívnych baktérií sa prirodzene nachádzajú v črevnej flóre a nespôsobujú nijaké škody, pokiaľ kôň nie je chorý z nejakého iného dôvodu a tieto baktérie sa začnú nadmerne množiť a potom porušujú črevnú stenu, čím sa dostávajú do krvi. Keď tieto baktérie zomrú, ich bunkové steny prasknú, uvoľnia LPS do krvi a spôsobia endotoxémiu. E. coli, Salmonella a Enterobacter sú bežné gramnegatívne baktérie, ktoré spôsobujú endotoxémiu.

Niektoré vylučujúce stavy, ktoré môžu viesť k rozvoju endotoxémie, zahŕňajú:

• Poškodenie slizničnej bariéry v črevách
• Zápal tenkého čreva
• Skrútené črevo
• Kolitída (závažný črevný stav vyvolaný stresom)
• Akútna metritída (závažný zápal maternice v dôsledku infekcie, zvyčajne zo zadržanej placenty)
• Infekcia pupka u žriebät
• Nedostatočné požitie kolostra u žriebät

Diagnóza

U koní sa vyvinie endotoxémia sekundárne k ďalšiemu závažnému ochoreniu a tieto zvieratá sú už veľmi choré a pravdepodobne už v nemocnici. Endotoxémia je diagnostikovaná klinickými príznakmi a niekedy bakteriálnou kultúrou krvi koňa.

Liečba

V prípade endotoxémie musia byť kone okamžite ošetrené, aby boli úspešné. Existuje niekoľko liečebných a podporných postupov, vrátane intenzívnych antibiotík, intravenóznej terapie tekutinami na udržanie hydratácie a podpory kardiovaskulárneho systému a podávania nesteroidných protizápalových liekov (NSAID), ako je flunixín meglumín (Banamin), pomáha pri bolestiach koňa, reguluje zápaly a pôsobí proti endotoxínu. Niekedy sa tiež používajú plazmatické transfúzie.

Život a správa

Endotoxémia je mimoriadne nebezpečný stav a dokonca ani prípady, ktoré dostanú agresívnu liečbu, sa nemusia zotaviť. Endotoxémia môže navyše spôsobiť ďalšie problémy, ako napríklad laminitída (zápal kopýtka), ktoré môžu byť vysiľujúce. Prognóza je mimoriadne strážená pre každý prípad endotoxémie.