Otrava Nočným Tieňom U Koní

2024 Autor: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Naposledy zmenené: 2023-12-17 03:13

Intoxikácia Atropa Belladonna u koní

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Existuje celá rada divo rastúcich rastlín, o ktorých sa zistilo, že sú pre kone jedovaté. Jedným z najbežnejších a zvlášť toxických druhov je smrteľne nebezpečná rastlina nočnej kôry alebo Atropa belladonna.

Nightshade je pre kone prirodzene nechutný a spravidla nepreferuje chuť tejto rastliny pred inými pastvinami. Častejšie sa konzumuje neúmyselne, keď sa časti rastliny dostanú do potravy koňa, napríklad popadané lístie z kríka nočnej košele bolo zrovnané s trávou alebo keď je pre koňa nedostatok pastevného materiálu. Najtoxickejšou časťou rastliny sú listy a stonky, ktoré sa nachádzajú v pasúce sa tráve. Stupeň toxicity sa na bobuliach rastliny znižuje, ale naďalej sú toxické a v systéme sa môžu časom hromadiť, čo vedie k chronickej toxicite.

To môže mať vplyv na kone v akomkoľvek veku a rastliny sa vyskytujú v mnohých prostrediach, najčastejšie v zalesnených oblastiach, pri cestách, medzi divokým porastom na poľnohospodárskej pôde a na otvorených pastvinách a poliach.

Príznaky a typy

• Suché ústa
• Nechutenstvo
• Rozšírené zrenice (mydriáza)
• Zmena srdcového rytmu (t. J. Nepravidelné alebo zvýšené tempo - tachykardia)
• Citlivosť na svetlo alebo slepota
• Nervozita / hyperexcitabilita
• Chvenie svalov
• Svalové kŕče
• Zápcha
• Hnačka
• Dezorientácia
• Strata koordinácie (ataxia)
• Ležať (ležať príliš)
• Kŕče
• Smrť (ťažké prípady)

Príčiny

Otrava nakoniec nastane, keď kôň požije smrtiaci nočný kôľ (Atropa belladonna). Môže sa to stať, keď sa kôň pasie alebo nechtiac, ak je rastlina náhodne zmiešaná s krmivom pre koňa. Táto rastlina obsahuje zlúčeninu atropín a je to táto špecifická zlúčenina, ktorá spôsobuje vyššie uvedené klinické príznaky. Atropín je anticholínergický alkaloid. Výsledné príznaky sa vyskytujú v dôsledku schopnosti atropínu blokovať neurotransmiter, ktorý riadi funkcie autonómneho nervového systému, ako napríklad fungovanie svalov a tvorbu tekutín a potu. V centrálnom nervovom systéme ovplyvňuje atropín zmyslové vnímanie a schopnosť organizovať myšlienky a plánované činnosti.

Diagnóza

Spolu s úplným vyšetrením sa vykoná kompletný krvný profil vrátane klinickej chemickej analýzy, kompletného krvného obrazu a analýzy moču. Nie je k dispozícii žiadny špecifický diagnostický test. Identifikácia rastlinných fragmentov v gastrointestinálnom obsahu dá definitívnu diagnózu, ktorá je však často posmrtná.

Liečba

Zlúčenina zvaná neostigmín pôsobí proti účinkom atropínu. Okrem podávania tohto lieku je potrebná podporná starostlivosť. Aktívne uhlie by sa malo podávať perorálne a veterinárny lekár by mal podať intravenózne tekutiny.

Život a správa

Ak viete o tom, že na vašom pozemku alebo na miestach, ktoré sú prístupné pre vášho koňa, rastú rastliny nočnej kôry, je najlepšie tieto rastliny vykoreniť z blízkeho okolia.